Material Group | P - Steel |
Sub-Group | Low Carbon Steel |
Tensile Strength | 580-800 [N/mm^2] |
Machinability | 70% |
1040 steel, a medium carbon steel with 0.37-0.44% carbon content, offers a balance of strength, hardness, and machinability. While it falls slightly above the "sweet spot" range for machinability (0.2%-0.3% carbon), it can be machined effectively with proper considerations.
Understanding the Machinability of 1040 Steel:
Overcoming Machinability Challenges:
Tool Selection: Choose cutting tools specifically designed for medium carbon steels or materials with similar properties. Carbide tools with appropriate coatings, such as TiN, TiCN, or AlTiN, can enhance tool life and cutting performance. For hardened 1040 steel, consider using tools designed for hardened materials.
Cutting Parameters: Adjust cutting speeds and feeds based on the specific heat treatment and hardness of the 1040 steel. Generally, moderate cutting speeds are recommended, with careful attention to feed rates and tool wear to prevent work hardening.
Coolant/Lubricant: Utilize a suitable coolant or lubricant to reduce heat, friction, and chip welding during machining. Water-based coolants or cutting oils can be effective depending on the specific operation and cutting conditions. High-pressure coolant application can be beneficial for chip evacuation and tool cooling.
Chip Control: Employ chipbreakers or specialized tool geometries to promote chip breaking and prevent long, stringy chips that can interfere with the machining process and potentially damage the workpiece or tool.
Additional Tips for Machining 1040 Steel:
By understanding the unique characteristics of 1040 steel and implementing these strategies, machinists can effectively manage its machining challenges and achieve desired results in terms of productivity, tool life, and surface finish.
For detailed carbide grade and cutting speed recommendations, refer to resources like the material supplier's datasheet or consult with a machining expert familiar with medium carbon steels.
Standard | Name |
---|---|
SAE | 1040 |
WNR | 1.0511 |
DIN | C40 |
BS | 080M40 |
SS | 1311 |
ANFOR | 1C40/AF60C40 |
UNI | C40/1C40 |
UNF | F.114.A |
Element | Percentage |
---|---|
Manganese (Mn) | .60-.90% |
Carbon (C) | .37-.44% |
Sulfur (S) | 0.05% |
Phosphorus (P) | 0.04% |
Application | Vc (m/min) | Vc (SFM) |
---|---|---|
Turning | 260-355 | 850-1160 |
Milling | 160-220 | 520-720 |
Parting | 125-170 | 410-560 |
Grooving | 145-200 | 480-660 |
Drilling | 105-140 | 340-460 |
While machining guidelines for 1040 steel offer a starting point, achieving optimal cutting speeds in real-world scenarios requires a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing cutting performance. The estimated speeds are based on idealized conditions, which may not always be achievable in practice.
Factors Affecting Cutting Speed in 1040 Steel:
Carbide Grade: Selecting the appropriate carbide grade is paramount. While general recommendations suggest carbide tools with TiN, TiCN, or AlTiN coatings for medium carbon steels, the specific grade should be tailored to the specific cutting conditions, desired surface finish, and tool life. Consider the heat treatment condition of the 1040 steel (whether it's annealed, normalized, or quenched and tempered) to choose the most suitable grade for your application. Harder 1040 may require tougher substrates and wear-resistant coatings.
Tool and Workpiece Clamping: Secure and rigid clamping of both the cutting tool and the workpiece is fundamental. Vibrations and movement can negatively impact accuracy, surface finish, and tool life. Ensure proper clamping techniques and utilize high-quality tooling systems to minimize these risks, especially when dealing with the moderate to high hardness of 1040 steel.
Raw Material Quality: Variations in raw material quality, including chemical composition, heat treatment, and microstructure, can affect machinability. Source high-quality 1040 steel from reputable suppliers and verify its properties to ensure consistent and predictable machining performance.
Tool Overhang: A shorter tool overhang minimizes deflection and vibration, leading to improved cutting stability and surface finish. Strive for the shortest possible overhang without compromising tool reach and accessibility, especially when machining thicker 1040 steel sections or encountering interrupted cuts.
Material Hardness: The hardness of the 1040 steel workpiece directly impacts cutting forces and tool wear. Verify that the material's hardness falls within the expected range for the chosen carbide grade and cutting parameters. If needed, consider preheating or adjusting cutting parameters to accommodate variations in hardness due to work hardening.
Additional Factors:
By meticulously evaluating these factors and adjusting cutting speeds accordingly, you can fine-tune your machining process to achieve superior results when working with 1040 steel. Remember, the recommended cutting speeds are a guideline, and real-world optimization requires a holistic approach that considers the entire machining ecosystem.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is intended as a general guideline. It is crucial to consult with tooling experts, refer to manufacturer recommendations, and conduct thorough testing to determine the optimal cutting parameters for your specific application and the specific properties of your 1040 steel.
Grade | Coating | Apps Range | 05 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHARP METAL | |||||||||||
YP15T | PVD & CVD | P15 | |||||||||
PM25 | PVD TiAlN | P20 | |||||||||
NC25 | PVD TiAlN | P20 | |||||||||
TN15 | PVD TiAlN | P20 | |||||||||
TN20 | PVD TiAlN | P20 | |||||||||
TIN25 | PVD TiAlN | P20 | |||||||||
YP25T | PVD & CVD | P25 | |||||||||
YP35T | PVD & CVD | P35 | |||||||||
FM CARBIDE | |||||||||||
FM2533 | CVD | P10 - P10 | |||||||||
FM2543 | CVD | P20 | |||||||||
FM324 | PVD | P20-P30 | |||||||||
FM2553 | CVD | P30 | |||||||||
CANELA | |||||||||||
NC25 | CVD | P05 - P20 | |||||||||
TN15 | CVD | P10 - P25 | |||||||||
TN20 | CVD | P20 - P25 | |||||||||
PM25 | Uncoated | P20 - P35 | |||||||||
TIN25 | PVD | P20 - P35 | |||||||||
PM40 | Uncoated | P35 - P45 | |||||||||
TN30 | CVD | P40 | |||||||||
TL20 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
KM15 | Uncoated | P15 | |||||||||
ISCAR | |||||||||||
IC807 (IC907) | PVD | P05 - P25 | |||||||||
IC8150 | CVD | P10-P15 | |||||||||
IC8250 | CVD | P15-P30 | |||||||||
IC830 (IC328) | PVD | P25 - P45 | |||||||||
Seco | |||||||||||
TH1500 | CVD | P05 - P05 | |||||||||
TP0501 | CVD | P05 - P20 | |||||||||
TP1501 | CVD | P10 - P25 | |||||||||
TP2501 | CVD | P15 - P35 | |||||||||
CP500 | PVD | P15 - P40 | |||||||||
CP600 | PVD | P25 - P45 | |||||||||
TP3501 | CVD | P30 - P40 | |||||||||
KENNAMETAL | |||||||||||
KCP05B (KCP05) | CVD | P05 - P10 | |||||||||
KCP10B (KCP10) | CVD | P10 - P20 | |||||||||
KCU10 (KC5010) | PVD | P10-P20 | |||||||||
KCP25B (KCP25) | CVD | P20 - P30 | |||||||||
KCU25 (KC5025) | PVD | P20-P30 | |||||||||
KCP30 | CVD | P30-P40 | |||||||||
KCP40B (KCP40) | CVD | P35 - P45 | |||||||||
SANDVIK | |||||||||||
GC1115 | PVD | P05 - P20 | |||||||||
GC4305 | CVD | P05 - P10 | |||||||||
GC4415 (GC4315) | CVD | P10 - P15 | |||||||||
GC4425 (GC4325) | CVD | P15 - P30 | |||||||||
GC1125 | PVD | P20 - P30 | |||||||||
GC4335 | CVD | P30-P40 | |||||||||
TUNGALOY | |||||||||||
T9205 (T9105) | CVD | P05 - P10 | |||||||||
T9215 (T9115) | CVD | P10 - P20 | |||||||||
AH725 | PVD | P15 - P30 | |||||||||
T9225 (T9125) | CVD | P15 - P25 | |||||||||
T9235 (T9135) | CVD | P30 - P40 | |||||||||
WALTER | |||||||||||
WPP10S (WPP10) | CVD | P05 - P20 | |||||||||
WPP05S (WPP05) | CVD | P05 - P15 | |||||||||
WPP20S (WPP20) | CVD | P10 - P30 | |||||||||
WPP30S (WPP30) | CVD | P20 - P40 | |||||||||
MITSUBISHI | |||||||||||
UE6105 | CVD | P05 - P15 | |||||||||
MC6015 (UE6010) | CVD | P10 - P20 | |||||||||
VP15TF | PVD | P10 - P30 | |||||||||
MC6025 (UE6020) | CVD | P15 - P20 | |||||||||
MC6035 (UE6035) | CVD | P25 - P40 | |||||||||
SUMITOMO | |||||||||||
AC8015P (AC810P) | CVD | P05 - P15 | |||||||||
AC8020P | CVD | P10 - P25 | |||||||||
AC1030U | PVD | P10 - P30 | |||||||||
AC8025P (AC820P) | CVD | P15 - P30 | |||||||||
AC8035P (AC830P) | CVD | P25 - P45 | |||||||||
KYOCERA | |||||||||||
PR1005 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
PR930 | PVD | P15-P25 | |||||||||
PR1115 | PVD | P15-P25 | |||||||||
PR1535 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
PR1025 | PVD | P15-P35 | |||||||||
PR1225 | PVD | P15-P35 | |||||||||
PR1425 | PVD | P15-P35 | |||||||||
PR1532 | PVD | P35 | |||||||||
PR1625 | PVD | P35 | |||||||||
Hitachi Tool | |||||||||||
IP2000 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
IP3000 | PVD | P35 | |||||||||
YG-1 | |||||||||||
1001 | CVD TiCN | P10 | |||||||||
3010 | CVD TiCN | P20 | |||||||||
3030 | CVD TiCN | P30 | |||||||||
3030 | PVD | P35 | |||||||||
801 | PVD TiAlN | P15-P30 | |||||||||
3020 | CVD TiCN | P20-P30 | |||||||||
KORLOY | |||||||||||
PC8105 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
PC8110 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
PC8115 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
PC5300 | PVD | P25-P35 | |||||||||
ZCC | |||||||||||
YBG101 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
YBG102 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
YBG105 | PVD | P15 | |||||||||
YB9320 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
YBG205 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
YBG202 | PVD | P25 | |||||||||
YBG302 | PVD | P35 |
Grade | Coating | Apps Range | 05 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FM CARBIDE | ||||||||||||
FM125 | PVD | P20-P30 | ||||||||||
FM199 | PVD | P30 | ||||||||||
CANELA | ||||||||||||
PM25 | Uncoated | P25 | ||||||||||
PM40 | Uncoated | P40 | ||||||||||
SANDVIK | ||||||||||||
GC1125 | PVD | P05 - P20 | ||||||||||
GC1135 | CVD | P15 - P35 | ||||||||||
ISCAR | ||||||||||||
IC808 (IC908) | PVD | P05 - P30 | ||||||||||
IC830 (IC328) | PVD | P20-P40 | ||||||||||
SECO | ||||||||||||
TGP45 | CVD | P10 - P45 | ||||||||||
CP500 | PVD | P20 - P45 | ||||||||||
T350M | CVD | P25 - P45 | ||||||||||
CP600 | PVD | P30 - P50 | ||||||||||
KENNAMETAL | ||||||||||||
KCU10 | PVD | P05 - P20 | ||||||||||
KCU25 | PVD | P20 - P30 | ||||||||||
WALTER | ||||||||||||
WKP13S | CVD | P05 - P20 | ||||||||||
WSM23S | PVD | P10 - P30 | ||||||||||
WSM33S (WSM33) | PVD | P20-P40 | ||||||||||
WSM43S | PVD | P30 - P45 | ||||||||||
SUMITOMO | ||||||||||||
AC1030U (AC530U) | PVD | P10 - P25 | ||||||||||
AC520U | PVD | P15 - P30 | ||||||||||
AC830P | CVD | P20 - P40 | ||||||||||
TUNGALOY | ||||||||||||
AH725 | PVD | P15 - P30 | ||||||||||
AH7025 | PVD | P20 - P30 | ||||||||||
GH130 | PVD | P25 - P40 | ||||||||||
MITSUBISHI | ||||||||||||
VP10RT | PVD | P05 - P10 | ||||||||||
VP20RT | PVD | P10 - P30 | ||||||||||
VP15TF | PVD | P10 - P30 |
Grade | Coating | Apps Range | 05 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FM CARBIDE | ||||||||||||||||||||||
FM90 | DLC | P20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
FM20 | Uncoated | P10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
CANELA | ||||||||||||||||||||||
PM25 | Uncoated | P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
PM40 | Uncoated | P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
SANDVIK | ||||||||||||||||||||||
GC1125 | PVD | P05 - P35 | ||||||||||||||||||||
ISCAR | ||||||||||||||||||||||
IC807 (IC907) | PVD | P05 - P10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
IC808 (IC908) | PVD | P10 - P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
IC830 (IC328) | PVD | P20 - P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
KENNAMETAL | ||||||||||||||||||||||
KC5010 | PVD | P10 - P20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
KCU10 | PVD | P10 - P20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
KC5025 | PVD | P20 - P30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
KCU25 | PVD | P20 - P30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
WALTER | ||||||||||||||||||||||
WKP13S | CVD | P05 - P20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
WSM23S | PVD | P10 - P30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
WSM33S (WSM33) | PVD | P20-P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
WSM43S | PVD | P30 - P45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
SECO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CP500 | PVD | P10 - P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
CP600 | PVD | P20 - P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
TUNGALOY | ||||||||||||||||||||||
T9225 (T9125) | CVD | P15 - P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
AH725 | PVD | P15 - P30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
AH7025 | PVD | P20 - P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GH130 | PVD | P25 - P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
MITSUBISHI | ||||||||||||||||||||||
VP10RT | PVD | P05 - P10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
VP20RT | PVD | P10 - P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
MY5015 | CVD | P10 - P20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
VP30RT | PVD | P20 - P40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
SUMITOMO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
AC1030U (AC530U) | PVD | P10 - P25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
AC520U | PVD | P15 - P30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
AC830P | CVD | P20 - P40 |
Grade | Coating | Apps Range | 05 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FM CARBIDE | |||||||||||
FM125 | PVD | P15 - P35 | |||||||||
CANELA | |||||||||||
PM25 | Uncoated | P05 | |||||||||
PM40 | Uncoated | P05 | |||||||||
TL10 | PVD & CVD | P05 | |||||||||
TL20 | PVD & CVD | P05 | |||||||||
TL40 | PVD & CVD | P05 | |||||||||
TIN21 | PVD & CVD | P05 | |||||||||
TIN25 | PVD & CVD | P05 | |||||||||
SANDVIK | |||||||||||
GC4330 | CVD | P10 - P25 | |||||||||
GC4340 | CVD | P25 - P40 | |||||||||
ISCAR | |||||||||||
IC808 (IC908) | PVD | P05 - P15 | |||||||||
IC830 (IC928) | PVD | P10 - P40 | |||||||||
KENNAMETAL | |||||||||||
KC510M | PVD | P05 - P10 | |||||||||
KC522M | PVD | P10 - P25 | |||||||||
KCPK30 | CVD | P25 - P40 | |||||||||
KC725M | PVD | P30 - P40 | |||||||||
WALTER | |||||||||||
WKP25S (WKP25) | CVD | P15 - P35 | |||||||||
WKP35G | CVD | P25 - P45 | |||||||||
WSM45X | CVD | P35 - P45 | |||||||||
WSP45S (WSP45S) | PVD | P35 - P45 | |||||||||
SECO | |||||||||||
MP1501 | CVD | P05 - P20 | |||||||||
F40M | PVD | P05 - P50 | |||||||||
MP2501 | CVD | P15 - P45 | |||||||||
TUNGALOY | |||||||||||
AH120 | PVD | P15 - P25 | |||||||||
AH725 | PVD | P15 - P30 | |||||||||
AH3225 | PVD | P20 - P35 | |||||||||
T3225 | CVD | P20 - P35 | |||||||||
AH130 | PVD | P25 - P40 | |||||||||
AH3135 | PVD | P30 - P40 | |||||||||
MITSUBISHI | |||||||||||
MP6120 | PVD | P10 - P30 | |||||||||
MP6130 | PVD | P20 - P40 | |||||||||
VP30RT | PVD | P25 - P45 | |||||||||
SUMITOMO | |||||||||||
ACP2000 | CVD | P05 - P25 | |||||||||
XCU2500 | CVD | P05 - P30 | |||||||||
ACU2500 | PVD | P10 - P40 | |||||||||
ACP3000 | PVD | P20 - P45 | |||||||||
SHARP METAL | |||||||||||
DP20M | PVD TiAlN | P15-P25 | |||||||||
DP30M | PVD TiAlN | P30-P35 | |||||||||
DP40M | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
KYOCERA | |||||||||||
PR830 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
PR1225 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
PR1230 | PVD | P20-P30 | |||||||||
PR1525 | PVD | P20-P340 | |||||||||
HITACHI TOOL | |||||||||||
CY9020 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
JP4120 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
CY150 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
JS4045 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
CY250 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
CY250V | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
CY25 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
HC844 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
JS4060 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
PTH30E | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
PTH40H | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
JX1060 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
YG-1 | |||||||||||
602 | PVD TiAlN | P15-P30 | |||||||||
PRAMET | |||||||||||
M8310 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
8215 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
2003 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
M8325 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
M8326 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
M8330 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
M8340 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
M8345 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
M8346 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
KORLOY | |||||||||||
PC3600 | PVD | P20-P30 | |||||||||
PC3500 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
PC3700 | PVD | P30 | |||||||||
PC5400 | PVD | P40 | |||||||||
ZCC | |||||||||||
YBG102 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
YBG202 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
YBG252 | PVD | P20 | |||||||||
YBG302 | PVD | P30 |
Honing Siz | 0.05-0.08 mm / 0.002-0.003" |
Rake Angl | 11° -13° |
Land Angl | Positive |
Land Widt | 0.20-0.30 mm / 0.008-0.012" |