General Information for Steel D2
| Material Group |
P - Steel |
| Sub-Group |
Tool Steel |
| Tensile Strength |
850-900[N/mm^2] |
| Machinability Range |
27% |
MACHINABILITY OF D2 STEEL
Steel D2 is a tool steel (high-alloy steel) that has on top of the 1.5% of carbon an additional 15% of manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. (See details in the table below). Steel D2 has a machinability rating of 27%.
Steel D2 belongs to the "D series" of tool steels. They are classified as high-carbon, high-chromium, cold-work steels and contain very high carbon content (up to 2.5%). Tool steels in this series (D2-D7) have a machinability rating of 20-30%. The high carbon content yields very high hardness and strength resulting in materials that are very difficult to machine.
Summary:
For turning operations on Steel D2, a lower cutting speed is recommended due to the low machinability. Therefore, in most cases it is recommended to use a grade with high hardness and PVD coating . For milling, opt for a grade with relatively hard substrate.
For detailed carbide grades recommendations,check the table below.
Recommended cutting speed range for turning at stable conditions is 330 - 440 [SFM] / 100 - 135 [m/min].
Recommended cutting speed range for milling with stable clamping and short overhang is 200-280[SFM]/60-85[m/min].
For detailed cutting speed recommendations, check the table below.
Equivalent International Designations for Steel A7
| Standard |
Name |
| SAE |
D2 |
| WNR |
1.2601 |
| DIN |
X165CrMoV12 |
| BS |
BD2 |
| SS |
2310 |
| ANFOR |
Z160CDV12 |
| UNI |
X165CrMoW12KU |
| UNF |
X160CrMoV12 |
Chemical Composition for Steel D2
| Element |
Amount |
| Vanadium (V) |
1.10 max% |
| Manganese (Mn) |
0.60 max% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) |
0.70-1.20% |
| Chromium (Cr) |
11.00-13.00% |
| Carbon (C) |
1.40-1.60% |
| Silicon (Si) |
0.60 max% |
| Nickel (Ni) |
0.30 max% |
Cutting Speeds Recomendations for Steel D2
| Application |
Vc (m/min) |
Vc (SFM) |
| Turning |
100-135 |
330-440 |
| Milling |
60-85 |
200-280 |
| Parting |
50-65 |
160-210 |
| Grooving |
55-75 |
180-250 |
| Drilling |
40-55 |
130-180 |
Important! The speed estimation is given for an ideal situation:
- Most suitable carbide grade
- Stable tool clamping
- Stable workpiece clamping
- Good quality raw material
- A short overhang of the cutting tool.
- Nominal hardness of the material.
- etc.
Recommended Carbide Grades for Steel A7
Grade for Milling (Indexable)
Recommended Insert Cutting Edge Geometry for Steel A7
| Honing Size |
0.05-0.08 mm / 0.002-0.003" |
| Rake Angle |
11° -13° |
| Land Angle |
Positive |
| Land Width |
0.20-0.30 mm / 0.008-0.012" |
