Steel Uranus 35N

Technical Reference Library

Uranus 35N

Wnr. 1.4362 UNS S32304 DIN/EN X2CrNiN23-4

Material Overview

Uranus 35N is Industeel's trade name for the lean duplex stainless steel more widely known by its generic designation 2304 (UNS S32304) — the entry point of the duplex stainless family, positioned as an economical alternative to both standard austenitic stainless and the higher-alloy standard and super duplex grades covered elsewhere on this site. Unlike 2205 or any of the super duplex grades, Uranus 35N carries no deliberate molybdenum addition — it reaches duplex-level strength and stress-corrosion-cracking resistance through roughly 23% chromium, 4% nickel, and elevated nitrogen (up to 0.20%) alone, without the added cost of a 3%+ molybdenum alloying step.

That lean chemistry keeps Uranus 35N's pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) in the mid-20s — close to 316L rather than to 2205's mid-30s or the super duplex grades' 40s — but its dual-phase austenite-ferrite microstructure still delivers roughly double the yield strength of standard austenitic stainless and far better resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking than any single-phase austenitic grade. That combination — duplex-level strength and stress-corrosion-cracking resistance at close to standard-stainless material cost — makes Uranus 35N the specification of choice wherever chloride cracking resistance and mechanical strength matter more than deep pitting resistance: structural and architectural steelwork, storage tanks, and general process equipment in mildly corrosive service where full 2205-level alloy content would be more than the application needs.

International Designation Equivalents

Standard Designation
UNS S32304
Wnr. (Werkstoffnummer) 1.4362
DIN / EN X2CrNiN23-4
AFNOR Z3CN23.04Az
ASTM A240 (plate/sheet), A276/A479 (bar), A789/A790 (tube/pipe)
Trade Name Uranus 35N (Industeel) / EDX 2304

Chemical Composition

Element Content
Chromium (Cr) 21.5 – 24.5%
Nickel (Ni) 3.00 – 5.50%
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.05 – 0.60% (residual, not a deliberate addition)
Nitrogen (N) 0.05 – 0.20%
Copper (Cu) 0.05 – 0.60%
Manganese (Mn) 2.50% max
Carbon (C) 0.030% max

Estimated PREN (Cr + 3.3×Mo + 16×N) is approximately 24-26 — close to Type 316L, despite Uranus 35N's duplex-level mechanical strength.

Machinability Explained

As the lean end of the duplex family, Uranus 35N is the most forgiving duplex grade to machine on this site — but it's still meaningfully harder to cut than a standard austenitic stainless like 304 or 316. The ferrite half of its microstructure resists work hardening but adds stiffness and cutting resistance that a fully austenitic grade doesn't have, while the austenite half work-hardens under a rubbing tool the same way 316 does, just moderated by the ferrite content. Without a deliberate molybdenum addition, Uranus 35N doesn't carry the extra abrasive wear that Mo-bearing duplex grades like 2205 or the super duplex family add to the cutting edge, so tool life tends to land closer to what a shop sees on 316L than on a fully alloyed super duplex.

The same fundamentals that apply across the duplex family still hold: a tough, wear-resistant coated grade generally outperforms a delicate, aggressive edge, rigid workholding controls the higher cutting forces relative to 304 or 316, and coolant manages heat buildup at the tool tip. Chip control tends to be easier than on fully austenitic grades since the ferrite content promotes shorter chips rather than the long, stringy chips typical of 304. Because Uranus 35N sees heavy use in structural shapes, plate, and tube rather than bar stock, shops should also expect more interrupted-cut and edge-break conditions than continuous turning work typically presents.

Recommended Cutting Speeds

Operation Vc (m/min) Vc (SFM)
Turning 115 – 155 375 – 510
Milling 75 – 100 245 – 330
Parting 48 – 65 155 – 210
Grooving 62 – 85 200 – 280
Drilling 32 – 45 105 – 150

Values assume favorable cutting conditions: a well-matched insert grade, rigid tool and workpiece clamping, short tool overhang, and adequate coolant. Reduce speeds for interrupted cuts or thin-wall parts prone to deflection.

Recommended FM Carbide Grades by Operation

Turning

Grade Coating ISO Application Range
FM324 PVD M10 – M20
FM2553 CVD M30

Parting / Grooving

Grade Coating ISO Application Range
FM2543 CVD P20
FM2553 CVD M30

Milling

Grade Coating ISO Application Range
FM125 PVD M15 – M30

Ready to cut Uranus 35N? Shop FM Carbide inserts matched to this alloy's turning, parting, grooving, and milling requirements.

Shop Turning & Grooving Inserts Shop Milling Inserts

Recommended Insert Cutting-Edge Geometry

Parameter Value
Honing Size 0.03 – 0.05 mm / 0.001 – 0.002"
Rake Angle 8° – 11°
Land Angle Positive
Land Width 0.20 – 0.30 mm / 0.008 – 0.012"